La diplomacia china y la batalla por la verdad durante la pandemia de COVID-19. ¿Una lucha por la hegemonía?
Authors
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Daniel Lemus-Delgado
Tecnológico de Monterrey
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1002-5319
Abstract
Este artículo analiza la diplomacia china en el año 2020 durante la pandemia de COVID-19 y la lucha por el control de narrativas cuya finalidad era construir una imagen favorable de China en el escenario internacional. Así, se asume que el surgimiento del COVID-19 representó un problema crítico para la legitimidad del Partido Comunista Chino (PCCH), obligando a las autoridades a luchar no solamente para contener la propagación del virus, sino también para crear y mantener una opinión pública favorable respecto de la gestión de la crisis. En este contexto, por medio de la llamada “Diplomacia del Guerrero Lobo” y la “Diplomacia de las Mascarillas”, el gobierno chino lanzó una ofensiva diplomática con la intención de presentar a China como un Estado responsable ante la comunidad internacional. Basado en el enfoque teórico de Foucault sobre los Regímenes de Verdad, este artículo analiza las narrativas y acciones diplomáticas que emprendieron las autoridades chinas para crear una verdad sobre el brote de coronavirus, discutiendo cómo se utilizaron los mecanismos y convenciones sociales para enfatizar y validar el conocimiento, vinculados en última instancia a los sistemas de poder. Finalmente, se concluye que, si el gobierno chino tiene la “verdad” sobre el nuevo coronavirus, aumenta la legitimidad y con ello su poder. Al mismo tiempo, un gobierno chino fuerte puede dedicar importantes recursos a difundir un discurso sobre la verdad del origen del virus y el manejo de la crisis sanitaria, tanto a nivel nacional como internacional. Sin embargo, se sugiere que el objetivo de la diplomacia china durante la pandemia fue fortalecer aún más el poder y legitimidad del PCCh, en lugar de buscar la hegemonía global.
Keywords:
China, Covid-19, Diplomacia, Narrativas, Regímenes de verdadReferences
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